Appendicitis is a medical condition that demands swift attention. It occurs when the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine, becomes inflamed and filled with pus. Though the appendix has no known essential function, an inflamed appendix can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly—most notably, a rupture that spreads infection throughout the abdomen.
Recognizing the symptoms of appendicitis early can be the difference between a straightforward surgical procedure and a life-threatening emergency. Here’s a breakdown of the most common—and sometimes subtle—signs to watch for.
1. Abdominal Pain
The hallmark symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain, but it’s not just any stomachache. The pain typically starts near the belly button and then shifts to the lower right side of the abdomen. This progression is a key indicator for doctors. The pain may begin as dull and mild but becomes sharper and more intense over several hours. Movement, coughing, or pressing on the area often worsens the discomfort.
2. Loss of Appetite
A sudden loss of appetite often accompanies the early stages of appendicitis. While many conditions can cause appetite changes, in the context of abdominal pain, this symptom becomes more significant.
3. Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting frequently occur soon after the abdominal pain begins. These symptoms can be mistaken for food poisoning or a stomach virus, but their combination with right-sided abdominal pain should raise red flags.
4. Fever and Chills
As the inflammation progresses, the body responds by raising its temperature. A mild fever (generally under 100°F or 38°C) is common in early appendicitis. If the appendix bursts, the fever can become much higher, often accompanied by chills, signaling a spreading infection.
5. Changes in Bowel Movements
Some people with appendicitis may experience constipation or diarrhea. The urge to pass gas or have a bowel movement without relief is also a reported symptom. These signs are less specific but can add to the diagnostic picture.
6. Abdominal Swelling and Tenderness
As inflammation grows, so can swelling in the abdomen. Pressing on the right lower side might cause tenderness or even a rebound pain—sharp discomfort that intensifies when pressure is quickly released.
7. Unusual Symptoms in Children and Pregnant Women
In children, symptoms can be vague and less localized. Irritability, a bloated abdomen, or general fatigue might be more pronounced than clear abdominal pain. Pregnant women, on the other hand, may experience pain higher in the abdomen due to the shifting position of the appendix.
When to Seek Help
Appendicitis can worsen quickly. A ruptured appendix can cause peritonitis, a serious infection of the abdominal lining. That’s why any combination of persistent abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and loss of appetite should prompt immediate medical evaluation.
Final Thoughts
While appendicitis is a common condition, its symptoms can vary from person to person. Early recognition and prompt treatment—usually surgical removal of the appendix—are key to a full recovery. Paying attention to your body and knowing these warning signs can make all the difference.