Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common but often misunderstood vaginal condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. While it’s not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it is more prevalent in sexually active individuals. Recognizing the symptoms of BV early can make a big difference in treatment outcomes and long-term vaginal health.
What Exactly Is BV?
The vagina naturally maintains a balance of good and harmful bacteria. When this balance is disrupted — often due to douching, unprotected sex, or changes in hormone levels — harmful bacteria can overgrow, leading to BV. While some cases resolve on their own, untreated BV can lead to complications, particularly during pregnancy or when undergoing certain medical procedures.
The Most Common Symptoms of BV
BV presents with a range of symptoms, and it’s possible to have the condition without any noticeable signs. However, when symptoms do occur, they can be quite distinct:
1. Unusual Vaginal Discharge
One of the hallmark symptoms of BV is a thin, grayish-white discharge. The consistency and color often differ from the normal clear or slightly milky discharge most people are familiar with. This discharge may increase in volume and may be more noticeable after sexual activity.
2. Strong, Fishy Odor
A persistent “fishy” vaginal odor is another key indicator of BV. This smell often becomes more pronounced after sex due to the change in vaginal pH. Unlike typical bodily odors, this scent is difficult to mask and can be a source of embarrassment or concern.
3. Itching or Irritation
While not as common, some individuals experience vaginal itching or burning associated with BV. This discomfort may be mild or more severe, depending on the extent of the imbalance. Itching can also lead to inflammation or redness in the surrounding vaginal area.
4. Burning During Urination
BV can cause a burning sensation while urinating, although this is less frequent. It may feel similar to a urinary tract infection (UTI), which can lead to misdiagnosis if other symptoms aren’t present or clearly communicated to a healthcare provider.
Asymptomatic Cases and Why You Should Still Care
Up to 50% of people with BV may not experience noticeable symptoms. Despite the lack of discomfort, BV can still affect reproductive health. It increases the risk of contracting STIs, including HIV, and may lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or preterm birth during pregnancy.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of the above symptoms, especially persistent odor or discharge, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider. Diagnosis usually involves a simple pelvic exam and lab test. Treatment typically includes antibiotics, either oral or topical, to restore balance in the vaginal flora.
Final Thoughts
BV is more common than many realize, and though it’s rarely dangerous on its own, ignoring the symptoms can lead to complications. Paying close attention to changes in vaginal health — and not being afraid to seek help — is essential. With the right awareness and timely care, BV can be effectively treated and managed, keeping you in control of your body and health.